Political Will

George Washington: At The Crossroads of Modern Times


America's revolutionary generation radically transformed the human chronicle far more than is recognized by most historians. To understand the remarkable successes of America's founding fathers, imagine an index of human activity or, measured in more contemporary terms, economic growth throughout millennia: until 1800, this gauge realistically would be a straight line, reflecting that progress has been slow for almost all human existence. Since then, the line would curve rapidly upward, almost at an exponential rate of increase. Such a chart would look like this:

This graph shows the exponential change that mankind has experienced since the founding of the American Republic.


        

The rate and scope of change that had to occur to alter the direction of that straight line so that it became almost perpendicular to its original course is absolutely phenomenal. During this period, Americans agreed upon a series of totally innovative changes explored in the first few chapters of this book: the original revolutionary era, Thomas Jefferson's democracy, Andrew Jackson's egalitarianism, and an agrarian revolution based upon John Marshall's ability to legally define and delineate the transformations in agriculture and transportation then in progress.

This radical tradition continued long past the early 1800s, exemplified by Lincoln's strong leadership in the Civil War. After this most difficult period, new innovations were allowed to sweep the nation: Edison's invention factory and the industrial revolution, the progressive era, the broadcasting revolution, Deming and Drucker's redirection of business management, and most recently, the information revolution, into which the United States led the entire world. The steady stream of innovations has been crucial to making progress. Their common denominator has been the political will insisting on personal freedom and liberty. "Rules preclude initiative. Regimentation precludes evolution. Letting accidents happen, mistakes be made, results in new ideas. Trial and error is the key to all progress."1 America has been relatively free of restraints such as monarchy, hierarchical structures, bureaucratic organizations, and stratified social relationships.

It would be hard to overstate the level of individual change that was required to overcome the relative inertia of virtually all of human history. As one of the leading historians of the revolutionary period, Gordon Wood, noted: "If we measure the radicalism by the amount of social change that actually took place-by the transformations in the relationships that bound people to each other-then the American Revolution was not conservative at all; on the contrary: it was as radical and as revolutionary as any in history. . . . In fact, it was one of the greatest revolutions the world has known, a momentous upheaval that not only fundamentally altered the character of American society but decisively affected the course of subsequent history."2

The changes were not limited to government and war, but encompassed the culture, customs, habits, social relationships, and the basic conceptuality of the individual. In the modern world, common wisdom claims that social, government, and political change come slower than economic and technological change. Yet, the reverse was closer to the truth in the revolutionary era-social and governmental change often preceded and exceeded economic and technological change.

The founding fathers operated under the most difficult conditions imaginable, threatened by disease, wars, the frontier, and a life expectancy half of what it is today. The mere act of child-bearing was courageous-many women were unable to survive a half-dozen births, about average for the times. Wars and famine were twin plagues affecting society. There were few, if any cures or vaccinations for even the most common of deadly diseases.
At the core of the American Revolution was a will to innovate. That determination goes on today sweeping the globe and creating historically unprecedented economic wealth. For over a century between 1860 and 1970, for example, America led the world in the supplying energy and in manufacturing prowess. The most powerful force in American history, this spirit is responsible for the modern material world: the dozens of devices in automobiles, the hundreds of innovations in the typical house, and the thousands of inventions that guide everyday life. This common will created an expanding economic pie based on rapid economic growth and was responsible for American victories in three critical twentieth-century wars: World War I, World War II, and the Cold War.

In this book, we explore the history of this consistent culture of innovation, describe its foundations, and suggest how it is crucial to successfully handling the problems confronting America today.
 
 

         

 

Political Will

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Index

Acheson, Dean, 407,419

Adams, Abigail, 8, 18,42

Adams, Henry, 275

Adams, John,  129,130

Alien and Sedition Act and Political Will, 41

Constitutional Convention and Political Will, 26,27

Declaration of Independence, 10

Democracy and Political Will, 90

Doubts about republic, 30,55

Jefferson quote, 100

Leadership role in American Revolution, 10,18

Madison, quote on, 109-110

Origins of American Revolution, 67

Peace with France and Political Will, 41-42

Praise of Washington, 33

Presidency and Political Will, 41-42

Presidential succession and Political Will, 104

Role in naval power and Political Will, 30

Slavery and Political Will, 78,166

Temperance and Political Will, on, 99

Title of President and Political Will, 70

 

Adams, John Quincy, 124,168,174-175,184

Election of 1824, 112,113

Presidency, 114,152

Secretary of State 107,301

 

Africa, 61,73,528

Continent of wealth, 57

Exploration of, 58

Slavery, 79,169

 

Age of Enlightenment, 48-50

Agriculture, x,4,56,189-190,217,242-246,275,

  288,364,479-483,531

Agricultural Adjustment Act and Political Will, 350,354,360,364

Agriculture, Department of, 196

Agrarian Age, 136-140,145,147-149

Cattle, 242-243

Colonial America and Political Will, role in, 46,72-73

Dust bowl, 354-355

Farm machinery, 148-149

Food processing and Political Will, 147-148,479-483

Machinery, 245-246,479-480

Meatpacking and Political Will, 244,277

Western and Political Will, 242-243

 

Air conditioning, 478

Air flight, 191,331,404,

Modern airlines and Political Will, 487-491

World War II, 378,379,382,386,393

Wright Brothers and Political Will, 253-255

al-Qaeda, 458,459

Alamo, 125

Alcohol/Temperance, 103-104,482,548

Alien and Sedition Acts, 41,97

Allen, Ethan, 18,19

Alsop, Joseph, 436

Aluminum, 60,273,409,531

American Airlines, 488

American Civilization, 63-87,336,533

America in 1900, 275

Comparison with Bible & Christians, 54-55,65,81

Economy and Political Will, 72-77

Entrepreneurial spirit and Political Will, 159-161

Immigrants, role of, 63-64

Knowledge, role of, 85-86

Montesquieu’s concept of spheres, 49

Politics and government and Political Will, 81-85

Religion, 64-67

Separation of powers and Political Will, 49

Women, role of, 74-76

 

American Exceptionalism, 116

American Republic, founding and Political Will, 23-30,32-34

   Small size, 30,82,99-100,126,161,325

 

American Revolution and Political Will, ix-xi,203,472

Civil society and Political Will, 101-104

Class, role of, 69

Continental Army, 13,17-22

Continental Congress and Political Will, 14

French entry into war, 22

Innovation and Political Will, xi

International Conflict and Political Will, 21-22

Leadership quality and Political Will, 8-23,26-42

Origins and nature, 43-87

Peace treaty, 22-23

Public debt from and Political Will, 36-37

Radicalism of and Political Will, ix,x,45-46,62-87,204

Religion, role of, 64-67

Saratoga, Battle of, 7,18-20

Slavery and Political Will, 77-81,166

Tenuousness of, 6,30,55

Transformation to modern world, 11-12,275

Women and Political Will, role of, 74-76

 

American System and Political Will, The, 139-140

Annenberg, Walter, 450

Anthony, Susan B., 289

Antietam, 202,209

Antitrust law and Political Will, 263,293-295,297-300,316

A&P, 241,479

Apple Computer, 522

Appomattox, 198,211

Armour, Philip, 244,245,261

Armstrong, Edward, 437-439

Arnaz, Desi, 450

Arnold, Benedict, 7,18,19

Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), 470

Arthur, Chester, 208,286,366

Articles of Confederation, 12,23-28

Failures of, 25,26,36,37,42,76

Associated Press, 193,435,440

Atomic weapons and Political Will, 408,411,416,418,420,424

Development, 388-394

Hydrogen bomb and Political Will, 411-412

AT&T, 250,491,495,511

Automobile, xii,254,269,275,300,331,362-363,

  404,501,502,510,513,531,547,549

Invention, 276-283

Japanese competition, 496-500,503,508

Post-World War II Advances and Political Will, 476-477

 

Babson, Roger, 340

Bacon, Francis, 48

Bacon, Roger, 51

Baekeland, Leo, 274

Baldwin, Matthias, 154

Bank:

of America, 452,480

of New York, 38

of the United States, 118-120,131,132

Barbarians, 57,58,123,546

Roman Empire, 55-56,546

Barbary pirates, 25,30,32

Barbed wire, 242

Baruch, Bernard, 319

Battery, Invention of, 229

Bayard, James, 104,109

Beer, 244

Bell, Alexander Graham, 229,230,249,250

Bell Labs, 495,509,537

Bennett, James Gordon, 249

Berners-Lee, Timothy, 521

Bernstein, Carl, 465

Bicycles, 229,241,253-255,277,279

Biddle, Nicholas, 118-119

Bill of Rights, 29,34,107

Bin Laden, Osama, 458,459

Biotechnology, 526-530

Bissell, George, 265,266

Blackstone, William, 129-130

Blaine, James, 309,315

Blank, Arthur, 475

Bobbitt, John and Lorena, 463

Boeing, 382,488-490

Bohr, Neils, 389

Bond market, 343

Civil War and Political Will, 194-196,306

Hamilton establishes, 37-38

Intercontinental railroad and Political Will, 257

Morgan, J. P. and Political Will, 307-308

World War I and Political Will, 320

World War II and Political Will, 377

Books, 47,48,50,84,326,345,446

Reformation, role in, 53

Boorstin, Daniel, 444

Booth, John Wilkes, 215

Boston, Battle of, 6,18

Boston Tea Party, 10,11

Boulder Dam, 233,343,357,381,511

Boyer, Herbert, 527

Brandeis, Louis, 316

Breckinridge, John, 208

Bretton Woods Accords, 408,503

Brinker, Norman, 481,482

British, 63,200

Anti-Catholic laws and Political Will, 52-53

Banking, 131

Bill of rights and Political Will, 61

Blockade, WW I, 318

Capitalism, role of, 60

Civil War and Political Will, 187

Code breaking, 386

Colonial women, 75

Constitutional government and Political Will, 59-60

Corruption, 52

Diplomacy and Political Will, 22

Economic relations with colonies, 73-74

Franklin, Benjamin, relation with 11-12

Glorious Revolution, 60-61

Gold standard, 127

Impressment, 106,107

Inheritance, patterns of, 70

Insular island, 60

Intolerable Acts, 10,11

Intelligence and Political Will, 14

Jay Treaty, 40

Law, 130

Leadership and Political Will, 61

Lend-lease,373

Limited liability law, 134

Marksmanship, 71-72

Marshall Plan, 409

Monarchy, 61

Monopolies and Political Will, 300

Naval battles, 22

Northwest Territory and Political Will, 20,25

Peace treaty, 22

Pluralist structure, 59

Public debt, 37

Radicals and Political Will, 84

Railroads, 154

Regimentation, 71

Saratoga, Battle of, 19-21

Settlement of America, 44

Shipbuilding subsidies, 151

Slavery and Political Will, 167-169

Stamp Act and Political Will, 433

Steam engine patents, 155

Sugar duties, 433

Suez Canal crisis, 425

System of governance and Political Will, 49

Textile industry, 141-144

War of 1812, 108,132

World War I debt, 320

World War II toll, 399-400

Yorktown, Battle of, 21

Broadcasting, 536,551

Politics, 460-465

Programming, 449-460

Technology and Political Will, 433-449

Brown, John, 182

Bryan, William Jennings, 312,315,398

Buchanan, James, 169,175,176,179,187

Buffett, Warren, 484,485

Burnside, General Ambrose, 208,209

Burgoyne, General Johnny, 19-20,22

Busch, Adolphus, 244,245

Bush, George H.W., 462

Bush, Vannevar, 385,390,470

 

Cable television, 445,448,449,524

Caesar, Julius, 1-4,210

Calhoun, John, 107,120,121,165,168,169,

   174,177,185

Cameron, Simon, 197

Canals, 152-153,168,201,239,250-253,262,270,301,305

Capitalism, 57,94,127,137,216,331,438

Agrarian Age, 131-135

English role in, 60

Great Depression, 338,339,342

Hamilton role in founding, 39

Industrial age, 291-292

Japan, 493-495,498-499

Marshall, John, 131-135

Carlson, Chester, 527

Carnegie, Andrew, 192,238,265,270-273,

    291,292,297,298,300,467

Public libraries, 270,298

Carnegie, Dale, 442

Carnegie Steel, 262,265,270-273

Carpetbaggers, 223

Carrier, Will, 478

Carter, Jimmy, 463,484,490,503

Cash register, 240

Castro, Fidel, 430

Catholic church, 55,59,60

Reformation, role in, 53-54

CBS, 450

Cedar Creek, Battle of, 206

Cell phone, 449,510,515,520,537,538

Central Pacific, 257,258

Certified Public Accountants, 240

Charles River Bridge, 118

Chase, Salmon, 183,195,197,210

Chattanooga, Battle of, 204,205

Chemicals, 139,274,318,363,379

Character Ethic, 441,442

Chiang Kai-shek, 410

Chicago, University of, 298,390

China, 57-58,249,339,366,520-521

American colonial trade, 138,147

Communism and Political Will, 410,415,416,424

Comparison to Roman Empire, 58

Drilling, 266

Gunpowder, 51,58

Invention of compass, 50,57,58

Invention of printing press, 47,58

Monolithic culture, 58

Sea power, 58

Transcontinental Railroad and Political Will, 258,366

Christian Science, 93

Christianity, 52-54

Roman Empire, role in, 55

Sustaining civilization, role in, 55

Churchill, Winston, 186,313,396,442

CIA, 408,482

Cisco, 520,521

Civil Aeronautics Board, 358

Civil rights, 290,367-369,430,455,478,547

Reconstruction and Political Will, 221-225

Civil Society, 290,353,546-549

Civil War and Political Will, 215,216

Colonial period, 24,68,101-104

Newspapers, 434

Progressive Era Barriers, 216,298,335,336

Revolutionary Period, 101-104

Television, 446,455

Civil War and Political Will, 127,164,166,173-176,194-196,200,

   211-215,220,226,234-236,290,296,369,435

Causes of, 184-188

Centralization, 193-196

Communications, 191-193

Leadership in, xii,197-199,204-211

Naval power and Political Will, 199-202

North’s advantages, 189-191

Prelude, 163-176

Reconstruction and Political Will, 215-226

Toll of, 214

Civilian Conservation Corps, 350,356

Clark, George Rogers, 20

Clay, Henry, 109,118,120,125,164,168,176,185

American system and Political Will, 152

Commerce, quote on, 159

Compromise of 1850, 177

Early life, 113

Speaker of House, 113

Election of 1824 and Political Will, 113,114

Great Compromiser, 165,177

National Bank, 119

Races for President, 113,114

Rivalry with Andrew Jackson, 114

Union, The, 164-165

Cleveland, Grover, 286,307,315,342,366

Presidency and Political Will, 309-311

Veterans’ Pensions, 309-311

Clinton, Bill, 462,463,523

Clinton, Dewitt, 152

CNN, 448

Coase, Ronald, 363

Coca-Cola, 470,482

Code breaking, 386,387

Coffin, Lorenzo, 261

Cold Harbor, Battle of, 209,210,301

Cold War, xii,414,418,426,427,503,545

Colt, Sam, 149

Columbine High School, 454

Columbus, 58

Comforter, The, 12-15,23,32-34,174-175,334

Communism, 45,284,328,338,366,391-391,

  400,404-407,410,411,414-420,423,432,548

Compass, 50,57,

Compaq, 516,519,520

Computer, 386,449,484,502,509-523,526,

  528,530,532-536,539-541,550

Computer chip, 275,509-514,526,532,533,

  537-539,541,550

Congress, 75,98,104-107,119,130-133,

156,165,248,256,261,262,325,330,407,

409,412-414,416-418,421,424,458,514,523

Civil War era, 171,172,174,175,177,192,194

Confederation and Political Will, 23,25,26,29

Continental, 11-14,18,20,22,76

Depression Era, 343,347,349,350,356-367

Divisiveness, 35,99

First, The, 29,34-39

Progressive Era, 287,293,302,307,310,311,

316,325

Reconstruction and Political Will, 217,218,221,222,224

World War I and Political Will, 320,322,372

World War II and Political Will, 376,377,384

 

Constellation, 32

Constitution, 8,9,23,24-30,69,76,85,86,107,

114,124,130,131,135,175,202,238,289,317,

322,360,407

Bill of Rights and Political Will, 29

Great Compromise and Political Will, 27-28

Presidency, arguments in support of, 28

Ratification procedures, 28-29

Slavery and Political Will, 80,81,164-166,171,180,202,221-224

Constitutional Convention and Political Will, 9,26-29,35,49,80

Containerization, 486,487

Containment, 405,406,423,429

Cooke, Jay, 195,306

Coolidge, Calvin, 324,350,398,422,440

Presidency, 328-330,332-335

Copernicus, 48,52

Cornell, Ezra, 248

Corporation, 36,139,196,215,216,229,237,

239,243,281,290,292-296,453,467-471,496-

497,522,534,546

Anti-trust, 263,287-298,300,302,305,309,336,

343,370,380,453,

Corporate veil, 133

Credit reporting and Political Will, 240-241

Dartmouth College case, 133-134

Financial accounting systems, 240

General incorporation laws, 39,130-134

Holding companies, 239,263,293

Leadership by businessmen, 292-293

Limited liability, 134

Mergers, 291,293

Taxes, 317-320,325,326,376

Trusts, 239,262,263,293

Cornwallis, General Charles  7,21,75

Cotton, 121,140-144,167-169,173,185,190,

194,217,235,236,245,354,364,404,531

Cotton gin, 39,139,142,143,173

Credit Mobilier scandal, 302

Credit reporting, 241

Crime, 104,160,216,283,287,453-455,528-529

Crusades, 50

Cuba, 175,312-314,407,430,463,482

Currency, 18,25,194,306,307,349,403,

506-507,537

Jacksonian Era, 119,120,127,131

Revolutionary Era and Political Will, 37-39,74-76

Cyberspace, 526,532

 

D-Day, 378,383-385,387,418

Daguerre, Louis, 230

Data storage, 516,530,532

Daugherty, Harry, 327

Davis, Jefferson, 184,186,198,217

Dawes, Charles, 333

Dean, James, 451

Decatur, Stephen, 32

Declaration of Independence, 6,8-12,22,24,

78-80,85,91,137,153,164,180,202,203

De Forest, Lee, 437

de Gama, Vasco, 58

de Grasse, Admiral, 21,

de Tocqueville, Alexis, 273

American exceptionalism, 116

Capitalism, 94

Equality, 94-95

Government, lack of, 99-100

Newspapers and civil society, 434,446

Religion, role of, 94

Slavery, 171

Voluntary associations, 102

Work, 96

DEC Computer, 515,516,520

Deere, John, 148,245

Delta Airlines, 490

Deming, W. Edward, xii,467-469,471,

   493-495,498-500,503,507,508,549

Democracy, xi,3,6,23,30,45,52,54,61,70,

136,139,223,237,319,321,368,377,408,410,

411,426,444,459,530,541,544,546,550,551

Jacksonian, 112,115-118,127

Jeffersonian, 89-92,94,98-101

Lincoln, 160,164-167,172,174,181,184,

203,204

Pejorative use of term, 90

Democratic Party and Political Will, 97,100,106,122,174,175,

178-183,197,211,216,220,303,311,316,323,

335,347,353,359,360,368,412,413,417,420,

435,436,456

Descartes and Political Will, 48

Dewey, George, 313

Dewey, Tom, 413,414,417

Dirksen, Everett, 417

Disney, Walt, 452,519

Disney, 452,453

Divine Providence, 6-7,42,65,92,212,316

DNA, 275,526,528,529

Doriot, George, 484

Douglas, Frederick, 170

Douglas, Stephen, 177,185

Debates with Lincoln, 179-181

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 178

Dred Scott, 171-172,180,204

Drake, Edward, 266

Drew, Daniel, 292,305

Drucker, Peter, 281,394,467-469,471,504

508,517,549

Dun & Bradstreet, 241

Du Pont, 149,274,318,379,491,492

Durant, William, 279

Dutch, 60

DVDs, 448,449,513,539

 

E-Bay, 522

Early, Jubal, 211,212

Eastman, George, 230

Economic growth, concept of, xi,xiii,76-77,

137-138,216,236,324-325,471-473,546

Edison, Thomas, xii,227-235,248,264,277,

284,388,437,471,511,525,533,547,551

Battery, invention of, 229

Business acumen, 228

Early life, 227-228

Electricity, 231-234

Industrial laboratory, 228

Motion pictures, 230

Phonograph, 229-230

Eddy, Mary Baker, 93

Education, 196,326,430,431,444,455,548

Great Depression, 345,346

Reconstruction, 218

Revolutionary War, 85-86

Einstein, Albert, 389,532

Eisenhower, Dwight, 363,391,404,414,456,

463,548

D-Day, 383-384

Leadership, 394-397

Presidency, 391,417-432,436,477

Elections, 101,125,174-176.178-179,289,

311-312,315-316,347,370,414,544

Corrupt bargain of 1824 112-114

Deadlock of 1800, 104-105

Election of 1876, 225

Lincoln’s Election, 181-187,197,211-212,547

Electricity, 246,268,272-275,324,355,404

Benjamin Franklin role in, 51

Edison, 231-234,549

Elevator, 232,272,274

Ellison, Larry, 518

Ellsworth, Oliver, 26,556fn

Emancipation Proclamation, 202

Empire State Building, 273

English – see British

Environment, 289,355,529

Equality, 66-70,94-98,117,180,181,218,329

Ericsson, John, 201

Erie Canal, 152-153,250,305

Erie Railroad, 304,305

Europe, 96,152-154,160-161,236,255,

270,271,291-292,299,300,307-308,331-

335,338,340,397,406-409,546,548

Age of Enlightenment, 48-49

Barbarian invasions, 55-56

Civil War, 169,187,202,205

Colonial relations, 22,25,38-41

European civilization, 54-62,72-73

Failures, 52-54,64-65,68,85

Global exploration, 50-52

Medieval times, 56-57

Migration, 63-64,80

Wars, 71,105,106,238,239,404,420,452

World War I, 317-323,366

World War II, 371-373,377-380,383-385

Evans, Oliver, 144,155-156

Everett, Edward, 203

 

Fair Labor Standards Act, 358

Fair Deal, 436

Fall, Albert, 327,328

Family, 122,216,283,288,418,444,446,448,533

Colonial life, role in, 44,69-70,74-76

Egalitarian role, 96

Mayflower Compact, role in, 81-82

Farnsworth, Philo, 443,444

Farragut, David, 201

Fax, 502

Federal Communications Commission,

   358,363,438,439,523,537

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation,

   351

Federal Express (Fedex), 487

Federal Reserve System, 264,316,323,

341-342,351,352,361,370

Federalist Papers, 28,29,107,130

Federalists, 30,31,33,34,90,97,100,104,130

Ferguson, Patrick, 5

Fermi, Enrico, 389,390

Feynman, Richard, 530

Fiber optic cable, 523-524,533

Fifteenth Amendment, 222,225,289

Financial Accounting Systems, 240

Fish, Hamilton, 301

Fishing, 15,72,73,90

Fisk, Jim, 302,303,305

Fitch, John, 155

Food and Drug Administration, 358

Food processing, 147-148,479-483

Ford, Henry, 228,275,277,278,281,291,292,

   369,500,551

Ford Motors, 279,382,499,508,520

Forrest, Nathan Bedford, 208,220

Fort Donelson, 200,205

Fort Schuyler, 19

Fort Sumter, 198,199

Fort Ticonderoga, 6,18,545

Fort William Henry, 43

Founding Fathers, xi,xii,1,6,10,11,16,21,

26,30,36,42-49,67,70,81,87,90-92,123,130,

131,136,143,160,163,164,166,174,177,180,

236,441,531,545,546,551

Fourteenth Amendment, 221,222,224,239

Fourth Great Awakening, 92

Frankfurter, Felix, 363

Franklin, Benjamin, 8,9,22,24,49,66,227,433,

   441,545

Almanacs, 47-48

Ambassador-at-large, 51

Archetypal founding father, 46

Chief scientist, 51

Civil society, architect of, 68

Cockpit, The 11-12

Constitutional Convention and Political Will, 27

Declaration of Independence, 12

European ambassador, 22

European corruption, 52

Global exploration, role in, 51-52

Inheritance, 69

London as home, 12

Peace treaty negotiations, 22

Population projection, 64

Printer, 47-48

Scientific revolution, role in, 51-52

Slavery, 79,80

Franklin stove, 51,68

Freedom, xii,3,8,10,30,46,57,77,87,137,

172,173,180,181,185,202,204,214,368,

394,419,434,473,530,541

Fremont, John, 127

French, 25,71,75,106,129,255,314,368

Civil War, 187

Entry into American Revolution, 20,22

French and Indian War, 61-62

Intelligence, 14

Marshall Plan, 409

Panama Canal, 251

Peace treaty, 22

Privateers, 31-32, 40

Suez Canal crisis, 425

Yorktown, Battle of, 7,21

French and Indian War, 12,15,20,61-62,

   67,71,105,123

French Revolution, 45,67,89,116,203

Fuchs, Klaus, 389,391,420

Fulton, Robert, 142,155

Furness, Betty, 475

 

Galileo, 50,52

Gallatin, Albert, 100,109,132

Gallup, George, 372,413,422

Garfield, James, 208,289,315

Garrison, William Lloyd, 170,178

Gates, Bill, 146,515,518,521,550

GATT, 405,407,408

Genentech, 527,528

General Electric (GE), 229,232,233,264-

265,381,438,451,467,492,498,519

General Motors (GM), 244,279-281,357,

   362,382,458,469,476,477,508

George, Henry, 295

Germany, 38,44,183,235,244,256,276,282,

300,334,365,378,396,409,448,476,501,545

Nazis, 339,363,371,373,375,377-380,382,

382-392,399-400,424,431,469

World War I, 314,317-323,331-333

Gerstner, Louis, 518

Gettysburg, 203,204,205,209,210

Gettysburg Address, 203,204

Gibbon, Edward

The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,

   54

Gibbons, Thomas, 156,260

Gibbons v. Ogden, 156-157,260

Gibson, William, 530

Gingrich, Newt, 523

Glass-Steagall, 343,352-353

Global exploration, 49,50-52,127,151,545

Goethals, George, 252

Goizueta, Roberto, 482

Gold, 74,76,120,121,127,131,132,137,138,

189-190,194,196,243,302-303,306-308,340,

344,348,351-353,344,348,361,403,406

Gold standard, 127,297,342,349,350,548

Goodyear, Charles, 273-274

Google, 522-523

Gould, Jay, 302,303,305

GPS, 538,540

Grant, Ulysses S., 189,193,200,202,212,214,

   215,217,315,343,366

Communication skills, 206

Leadership in Civil War, 204-211

Presidency, 222,301-303,306,315

Scandals, 301-303

Great Awakening, 66,67,77,92-94

Great Compromise, 27-28

Great Depression, 231,306,333,337-371,

400,404,407,432,438,474,478,485,548

Great Train Robbery, The, 231,275

Greeley, Horace, 187,211,435

Greece, 3,54-56,61,407

Commerce, 55

Sea power, 55

Greene, Nathanael, 13,14,44,142

Groves, Leslie, 390

Gulf War, 459

Gunpowder, 51,57-59,149

Guns, 31,51,58,108,139,149,156,190,191,

201,202,243,382,386,427

Breech-loading rifles, 189

Interchangeable parts, 229

Kentucky rifle, 71-72

Gutenberg, Johannes, 47,57,532

 

Habeas corpus, 199,221

Hall, Charles, 273

Hamilton, Alexander, 8,9,13,14,16-18,62,

120,161,324

Bond market, creation of, 37

Capitalism, role in founding, 39

CEO, developed role as, 36

Chief of Staff to Washington, 18

Constitution ratification, 29

Early life, 16-17

Father of executive branch, 34,36

Federalist Papers, 28

Gallatin, quote on, 100

Gold standard, 138

Judicial review, 130,132

Indifference towards death, 18

Manufacturing, role in, 39

National bank, 38-39,131,132

Panic of 1792, 38

Paul Johnson quote, 16

Personal strength, 16

Princeton, Battle of, 18

Presidency, argument in support, 28

Promotion based on merit, 69

Public debt, 36-38

Role in Washington re-election, 35

Secretary of Treasury, 36

Slavery, 78,80

Talleyrand quote from, 16

Tariffs, 36

Theodore Roosevelt quote. 16

Trenton, Battle of, 17-18

Washington’s Farewell Address, 41

Hamilton, Col. Henry, 20

Hanna, Mark, 311-312

Harding, Tonya, 463

Harding, Warren, 324,326-329,331,335,

   422,440

Harlan, John, 224

Harrison, Benjamin, 208,312,315

Harrison, William Henry, 109,121,125,

   174,176

Harvesters, 149,229,245,479

Hay, John, 163,286,321

Hayes, Rutherford B., 208,225,286,315

Hearst, William Randolph, 312,313,435

Henry, Patrick, 9-11,26,29

Speech opposing Stamp Act, 10,11

Hershey Candy, 482

Hewlett, Bill, 518,519

Hewlett-Packard, 452,518,519

Hirohito, Emperor, 393

Hitler, Adolf, 322,339,363,367,373,375,379,

   380,386,387,389,391,400,411,430,442

Hollywood, 450,451,454,457

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 135,208,224-225,

   335

Home Depot, 474-475

Home Owners Loan Corporation, 344,356

Homestead Act, 195,242

Hoover, Herbert, 323,327,335,356,357,363

Presidency, 337-350

Houses, xiii,145,246,356,473-475

Balloon frame construction, 139

Mass produced, 473-474

Houston, Sam, 125

Hughes, Charles Evans, 327,360

Hull, Cordell, 351,408

Human genome project, 526,528

Humphreys, Joshua, 31,32,108

Hus, Jan, 53

Hussein, Saddam, 460

 

IBM, 490,513,515-518,520,526,550

Ice, 140,145-147,190,244,277

IMF, 408

Immigration, 78,80,82,147,150,220,230,

270,274,332,336,369,430,439,451,482,489,

498,546

Civil War, 183,196

Colonial times, 17,62-64,66,68

Jeffersonians and naturalization, 97,175

Restrictive legislation, 178,236,290,335,365-367

Indentured servitude, 69,77-78

Independence, 5,8-12,23,41,42,85,91,92

Indians, 4,45,56,122,196,222,243,387,546

French and Indian War, 12,15,21,61,62,67,

71,105,149

Northwest Territory, 20

Revolutionary War, 123

Removal from land, 124-125,143

Saratoga, Battle of, 19

Savagery, 15,20,62,71,122-123,125,258

Transcontinental railroad, 258

War of 1812 and Political Will, 123

Washington role, 40,123

Individual, xii,56,59-60,81-82,86,116,204,

282,444,453,500,548,551

Individualism, 8,86,90,103,117,136-137,

204,243,354,540-541

Industrial revolution, xii,4,34,37,39,74,118,122,

136,138-141,144,150,152,155,159,160,163,190-

193,196,215,216,227-229,236-239,242,243,256,

262-265,270,271,273,279-281,284,287-288,290,

291,295,296,298,300,304,306,308,331,334-336,

340,353,362,365,369,378,388,391,414,465,468,

474,477,486,493,501,511,547,548

Infant mortality, 2,477,478

Inflation, 75,120,138,195,196,278,308,323,

324,339,376,414,418,423,427,428,472,477,

503,536

Information revolution, xii,237,469,509,511,

   514,521,526,530-534,539,550

Innovation, xii,xiii,47,50,56,136-162,190,227-

284,433-541,547,551

Insull, Samuel, 233

Integrated circuit, see computer chip

Intel, 511,512,515

Intellectual property, 271,274,408,438,439,514

Interchangeable parts, 39,139-140,148,229,

274,277

Internal Revenue Service, 195,413,484

Internet, 358,449,483,490,521-524,530,532,540,

   541,550

Interstate Commerce Commission, 262,

   293,358,486,487

Interstate Highway System, 351,362,429,432

Investment banking, 263-265,353,484

Iraq, 459,460,464

Isolationism, 41,168,248,331,335,364,371-377,

 379,398,417,488,550

Israel, 410,411,425,459

 

Jackson, Andrew, xi,152,174,187,264,297,

398,530,550

Adoption of Indian, 124

Assassination attempt, 111

Bank of the United States, 118-120,128

Battle against corruption, 117-118,120

Battle of New Orleans, 109,111

Campaign Against John Quincy Adams, 113,114

Compared with Jefferson, 112

Corrupt bargain of 1824, 113-114

Decisive and effective, 111

Election of 1828, 114

Jacksonian Democracy, 115-117,118

Indian Wars, 124

Indian removal, 124-125,143

National Debt paid off, 116

Nullification, 165

Popularity of, 116

Presidency, 111,112,115-121,124-125,127-128

Presidential authority, 119,120,128,176

Texas, 125

Union, The, 164-166

Veto, 119,128

Western expansion and Political Will, 122-127

 

Jackson, Stonewall, 207,208

Janney, Eli Hamilton, 261

Japan, 238,249,282,296,323,332,339,

361,365,369,380,382,385,386,396,405,

408,410,412,420,427,463-464,511-514,

519-521,538,545,549

Atomic bomb, 391-393

Code breaking, World War II, 386-387

Internment, 394

Pearl Harbor, 374,375,377,378,404,415

Quality, 449,468,486,492-508

Jay, John, 22,33,558fn

Treaty with British, 40

Jefferson, Thomas,  ix, 8-10,27,33-35,37,40,

42,49,76,119,123,130,288,467,530,550

Barbary pirates, 32

Compared with Jackson, 112

Declaration of Independence, 9-10,18

Democracy, 89-110

Embargo,106-109,546

Erie Canal, 152

European morality, 52

Federal government organization, 30

List of credentials, 89

Louisiana Purchase, 105

Perpetual change, 89-90

Presidency,  32,98,100,101,104-107

Presidential succession, 104

Public debt, 37

Religious freedom, 93

Revolutionary and national leader, 90-92,110

Slavery and Political Will, 80,81,167

State Department organization, 30

Virginia Constitution, 24

Virginia Statute on Religious Freedom, 24,98

Writing instrument, 84

Jim Crow laws, 226,335,368,547

Jobs, Steve, 519,520

Johnson, Andrew, 215,217,218,221,302

Johnson, Kelly, 489

Johnson, Lyndon B., 424,430,489

Johnston, Joe, 210

Joint stock companies, 50,73,137

Jones, John Paul, 22

Joy, Bill, 515,516

Judah, Theodore, 257

Judiciary Act of 1789, 34,556fn

Judicial review, 130,135

Juley, Peter, 230

Juran, Joseph, 498

 

Kai-shek, Chiang, see Chiang Kai-shek

Kaiser, Henry, 380,381

Kant, Immanuel, 51

Kefauver, Estes, 450

Kennan, George, 406,423

Kennedy, John, 89,110,397,422,461,462

Assassination, 463

Kepler, Johannes, 50,52

Kettering, Charles, 476

Kevlar, 492

Keynes, John Maynard, 338,339,412,413,469

KGB, 419

Khrushchev, Nikita, 420,426,436

Kilby, Jack, 510,511,513

King, Martin Luther, 455

Kissinger, Henry, 422

Knight, Medieval Europe, 56,86

Know-Nothing Party, 178,179

Knowledge, 3,49,84-86

Knox, Henry, 6,13,17,18,30,31,33,44,123

Knox, Philander (AG), 294

Kodak, 525

Korean War, 79,411,414-418,423,424

Kroc, Ray, 480,481,500

Ku Klux Klan, 220,222,223,316,367,369

Kwolek, Stephanie Louise, 491

 

Lake Champlain, 19,106,108

Lake Erie, 108

Land, 37,62,64,85,96,105,115,123-125,133,

137,139,148,154,162,256-257,295,364

Sales, 101,140,195,196,220,237,242-243

Speculation, 25,74,120

Land Ordinance of 1785, 23

Landis, James, 358

Lafayette, General Marquis de, 21,44,164

Latrobe, Benjamin, 158

Leadership,  xii,1,83,87,108,110,113,120,124,

128,135,266,267,270,271,277,278,286,292,300,

308,311,315,334,345,347,371,406,408,421-424,

429,432,442,467,470,471,496-500,515,523,530,

548

Civil War, 164-166,174-177,181,189,191,192

197-199,204-211

Revolutionary War and Political Will, 8,12-42,44,51,61-62,70,

71,91,158

World War II and Political Will, 374,383-385,390,394-401

Lee, Robert, 182,186,198,203,207-211,215,

   217,220,416

Slavery, quote on, 181

League of Nations, 321,322,335,407

Lerner, Max, 291

Levitt, William, 474

Lewis and Clark expedition, 105,261

Liberal, Definition of, 46,49,353

Life expectancy, 2,137,159,160,275,339

Lighting,  3-4,231

Lincoln, Abraham, xii,30,112,163-215,226,242,

   256,257,301,374,383,398,547

Assassination, 215,217

Centralized government, 193-196

Communicator, 191-193

Debates with Douglas, 179-181

Depression, 187-188

Early life, 177

Economy, 195,196

Election of 1860, 170,172-174,176-187

Election of 1864, 211,212

Emancipation Proclamation, 202

Gettysburg Address, 203-204

Leadership, 189,197-199,205-206

Presidency, 188-215

Reconstruction and Political Will, 216,217

Religion, 177,188,204,213,214

Rivals, 197

Second inaugural, 166,212,213

Seizing newspapers, 193

Slavery, 81,164,166,179-181,202

Technological genius, 188-189,191

Lincoln, Mary Todd, 177,184,188,260

Lindbergh, Charles, 487-489

Lippmann, Walter, 394,436

Literacy, 57,84,85,192,218,223,326,443

Livingston, Robert, 155

Lloyd, Henry Demarest, 294,295

Locke, John, 48,49,77,84

Lockheed Skunk Works, 425,489

Locofocos, 117

Lodge, Henry Cabot, 311,321,322

Long, Crawford, 158

Long, Huey, 370

Los Alamos, 390,391

Louisiana Purchase, 37,42,105,106,109

Lovejoy, Elijah, 170

Lowell, Francis Cabot, 144

Luce, Henry, 436

Lumiere, Auguste, 230

Luther, Martin, 11,53,534

 

MacArthur, Douglas, 344,375,392,395,

   396,410,415,416

Macauley, Thomas, 447

Machine tools, 139,229,240,277,318

Madison, James, 8,9,33,34,40,49,168

Burning of Washington, 108

Constitutional Convention, 26-30

Early life, 27

Embargo and Political Will, 106-109

Erie Canal, 152

Federalist Papers, 28

Henry Clay quote, 113

Jefferson role, 106

National Bank, 119,131,132

Presidency, 106-110

Revolution, quote on, 90

Secretary of State, 106

Slavery, 80,167

Virginia Constitution, 24

War of 1812, 107-109

Magna Charta, 59

Mailer, Norman, 422

Manhattan Project, 389,390,399

Manifest Destiny, 45,314

Manufacturing, xiii,31,51,60,109,121,

134,145,148-150,153-154,159,165,195,

227,229,234,236-241,244,245,270,271,

274,284,288,318-321,331,332,334,365,

374,377,379-382,385,390,438,449,468,

469,479,489,510-513,519-521,529-533,

535,536,538,547-549

American Revolution, 34,39-40,74-76

American system, 137-140

Assembly line, 275,277-280

Civil War, 169,189-190,309

Hamilton role in, 39-40

Japanese competition, 493-506,508

Mao Tse-tung, 410,415,442

Maps, 50,140,282,477

Marcus, Bernie, 475

Marion, Francis, 44

Mars Candy, 482

Marshall, George, 394-396,406,410,411,

   417,419

Marshall Plan, 405,408,409

Marshall, John, xi,239,360,546

Agrarian revolution, 129-137,156,162

Constitution ratification, 29

History of George Washington, 125,129

Judicial review, 130

Marx, Karl, 284,338

Mason, George, 26,29

Matsushita, 500,501

Mayflower, 64,65,81,82

Mayflower Compact, 81

McCain, John, 433

McCarthy, Joe, 392,417,419-421,430,

453,462

McCulloch v. Maryland, 131-133

McClellan, George, 206,208,212

McCormick, Cyrus, 148,149,245,246

McDonald’s, 480,481,513

McDonough, Captain Thomas, 108

MCI, 523,526

McKinley, William, 208,224,291,293,311-

   313,315,321

McLean, Malcolm, 486

Mead, Carver, 512,513

Meade, George Gordon, 193,203

Medicine, 3,158,159,188,247,252,275,298,

358,425,429,478,492,526,527,549

Mellon, Andrew, 273,300,324,351,359

Mellon Institute, 273,298

National Gallery of Art, 298

Secretary of Treasury, 324-325,327

Mencken, H.L., 334,348

Merrill Lynch, 483

Merrimack, 201

Mexican War, 126,127,177,249,314

Micron, 513

Microsoft, 515,523,534,539,550

Middle class, 139,159,237,241,284,320,

331,352,536

England, role of, 59,60

Jefferson era, 97

Military industrial complex, 426-428

Military strategy, 14-16,18,30,39,44,59,

62,71-72,91,107-109,189,191-193,196,201,

206,208,210,222,238,284,287,318,320,377-

386,392,395,396,407,408,414-418,426,433,

434,489,491

Military technology, 51,149,191,385-394

Militia, 68

Minimum wage, 332,358,360,412,414,429

Mining, 243,248,308

Monarchy, xii,3,10,23,25,33,46,54,61,87,

90,103,114,117,204,212

America, role in, 68-70

Breakdown in morality, 52,68

English example, 61

Europe, role in, 12,43,45,53,59,61,81

Government, 83

Gunpowder, role in 51

Patronage, 83

Slavery, 78

Standing army, maintenance of, 109

 

Monitor, 188-189,201,202

Monroe, James 17,33,135

Era of Good Feeling, 107

Jefferson administration role, 106

Monroe Doctrine, 107,314

Secretary of State, 109

Treaty negotiations, 106,109

Money supply, 38,39,120,121,189,194,324,

339-342,344,348,349,351,361,

Montesquieu, 49,61,84,130

Moore, Gordon, 512,513

Moore’s law, 512,515

Morgan, Daniel, 19

Morgan, J. P., 228,256,262-265,291,

   292,294,300,307-309,316,359,362,467

Mormons, 93

Morris, Robert, 20,21,26

Morse, Samuel, 248,437

Mosby, John, 207-208

Motion pictures, 230,231,275,451-452

Muckraking, 289,292,294-297,300,304,

328,336,435

Murrow, Edward, 373,421

 

Nanotechnology, 491,524,529-530,550

Napoleon, 105,107,108,215,371

National Academy of Sciences, 188,489

National bank, 74,100,264,297

Federal Reserve Bank, 306-309,316,323-324,

340-342,344,351,352,361,503,539

Hamilton proposes, 34-35,38-39

Jackson disposes, 118-121,128

Lincoln’s nationally chartered, 194

McCullough v. Maryland, Renewal,131-133

National debt, 30,35-37,109,116,152,194,

301,320,325,376,414,428,429,507

National Industrial Recovery Act, 349-

350,356,357,360

National Institute of Health, 526

National Labor Relations Board, 350,

   357,360

National News Council, 457

National Science Foundation, 470

National Security Council, 408,422

Native Americans, 40,58-59,124

NATO, 405,407,424

Naval power, 30-32,57,61,73,108,127,188-

   191,194,199-202,287,313,373,410,547

Nazis, 322,335,373,374,378,380,382,384,

385,388-390,400,411,424,469

Nelson, Don, 379

Neuroscience, 529

Netscape, 522

New Deal, 343,350,353,356-360,369-370,

398,413,429,436,548,549

New Jersey Plan, 27

Newcomb, Simon, 255

Newcomen, Thomas, 154,155

Newport, Rhode Island, 14,33

News media, 100,157-158,212,224,249,313,

333,345,347,389,414,418,433-437,439-441,

443-450,455-465,492,524,534,548,549,551

Newspapers, 157-158,161,179,187,192,193,

199,207,211,246,249,259,294-295,310,312,345,

347,397,414,421,434-437,440,447,456,545

Bulk mailing, 157

Civil Society, 434-435

Colonial, 28,48,83-85

Magazines, 436

Technological changes, 157-158,249,312

Telegraph, role in, 179,192,193,249,435

Newton, Isaac, 39,49,532

Nixon, Richard, 417,422,428,503

Northwest Ordinance of 1787, 23,80

Noyce, Robert, 510

Nuclear physics, 387-390

Nullification, 165,187

Nylon, 491

 

Oak Ridge, 390

Obama, Barack, 464

Ogilvy, David, 462

Oil, 151,234,261,265-269,277,282,293,299,

328,378,382,403,425,475,476,505-507

Gasoline production, 282,299

Old Bay Seasoning, 481

Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 390,420

Otis elevator, 272

 

Packard, Dave, 518,519

Paine, Thomas, 10,72,434,545

Common Sense, 10

Paley, Bill, 450

Pamphlets, 10,48,50,53,75,83-84,100,434

Pan Am, 488-490

Panama Canal, 127,250-253,300,301,355,

   357

Panic of 1792, 38

Patents, 68,142,148,155,188,201,227,228,

231,232,235,239,242,250,254,255,271,273,

274,278,339,379,437,439,443,489,514,525,

527,539,547

Patronage, 83,115,290,301,413

Patton George, 344,391,394,395

Peace of Paris, 22

Peale, Norman Vincent, 442

Pearl Harbor, 374,375,377,378,404,415

Pearson, Drew, 436

Pendleton, Edmund, 9,133

Penicillin, 385,478,527

Pepsi, 482,520

Perry, Admiral Matthew, 238

Perry, Commodore Oliver, 108

Personality Ethic, 442,462,549

Peters, Tom, 470

Petersburg, siege, 209, 211,214

Phonograph, 228-230

Photography, 191,230,269,525,538

Pierce, Franklin, 175,176

Pilgrims, 64

Pinkerton, Allan, 207

Pitt, William, 11,21,61

Plastics, 274,277,480,492,496,531

Plessy v. Ferguson, 224

Plunkitt, George Washington, 303,304

Pluralism, 50,56-59,237,290,457,470

Polio vaccine, 347,478,527

Political parties, 40,42,101,112,115,179,

336,439,455,462

Political will, xii,14,20,82,86,90,100,111,

114,125,347,471,498,507,547,548,551

Polk, James, 125,126,127,176,314

Mexican war, 126

Oregon territory, 126

Texas, annexation, 125,126

Polo, Marco, 50

Pope, 52

Porter, Edwin, 230

Post office, 101,194,247,502

Powers, Francis Gary, 425,426

Presley, Elvis, 441,451

Printing Press, 36,46-50,87,136,195,444,

513,545

Article of trade, 50

Reformation, role in, 53

Scientific method, role in, 50-51

Virtuous cycle in, 57

Productivity, 40,47,74,77,137,138,142,

148,234,235,240,242,245,246,271,278,

288,297,376,378,403,468,470,472,477,

486,487,490,497,503,507,508,512,533,

535,537,540,547,550

Progressive Era, xii,289,290,301,304,336,

364,398

Progressive movement and Political Will, 286-289,301,319,

   323,435

Public debt, see national debt

Public health, 158-159,244,247,289,526

Public opinion, 47,95,100,157,158,192,345,

347,373,375,434-436,446,447,453,547

Public virtue, 67-68

Public Works Admin, 344,357

Pulitzer, Joseph, 312

Pullman, Henry, 260,413

Puritans, 44,63,65,66,67,81,82,84,291,292

 

Quakers, 44,204

Indians, 123

Religious prohibitions in Virginia and Political Will, 93

Slave trade, 35,79,168

Quality, 481,494-501,503,507,508,511

 

Radar, 374,375,385-387,491

Radical Republicans, 217,218,220-222

Radio, 234,275,332-333,335,347-349,358,

363,373,387,406,436-441,443,446,447,456,

457,462,488,501,509,531,537,539,548,549

Railroads, 127,134,137,144,145,150,153-

154,160,161,168,179,188-191,195,196,219,

224,235,238,239,243,245,247,248,250,252,

260-263,265,270-272,276,282,283,293-295,

298,304,305,312,318,319,485-487,489,523

Capital and Political Will, 263-264

Standard time zones, 261

Transcontinental, 175,178,196,252,256-260,282,

   302,366

Raleigh, Walter, 63

RCA, 363,438,439,441,443,444,498,520

Reagan, Ronald, 451,475,503

Reaper, 148,149,190,229,245,246

Reason, 54

Reconstruction, 215-226,367,547

Reconstruction Finance Corporation,

   343,356,413

Reed, Speaker Thomas, 311

Reed, Walter, 252

Reformation, 11,53-54,532,545

Refrigeration, 147,148,234,244,245,261,

274,277,474,476,478,496,497

Rehnquist, William, 515

Religion, 24,46,49,52-54,62-67,102,104,134,

230,268,289,308,316,329,406,418,441,533,548

Civil society, 68

Comparison of America to Bible, 54-55,65,81

Culture, 68-71

D-Day prayers, 383

Economy, role in, 72,74

Fourth Great Awakening, 92

Great Awakening, 67,77,92

Lincoln and Political Will, 167,177,188,213,214

Politics and government, 81-85,101

Public virtue, 67-68

Reading of religious books, 83-84

Role in colonial America, 64-87

Second Great Awakening, 92-94,166

Third Great Awakening, 92

Religious intolerance, 52-54,65

Renaissance, 11,48,56

Republican Party, 127,165,172,174,176,

178,179,181-183,186,187,193-195,199,

202,211,212,216,220,225,238,297,303,306,

309-312,316,321,324,334,335,338,347,353,

354,360,370,372,412-414,416,417,420,421,

428,435,436,456

Republicanism, 23,24,30,33,35,54,60,61,

83,90,109,164,181,212

Religion, role of, 67

Slavery, 78,166

Retailing, 241,477,479,506-508,534,535

Rickover, Admiral Hyman, 313

Ridgway, Matthew, 416,418

Roads, 3,150-152,168,210,281-282,351,

362,432,523

Robber barons, 260,292,296,336

Rockefeller, John D., 238,260,273,291,

293,295-300,308,467

Chicago, University of, 298

Oil industry, 266-269,295-300

Rockefeller Foundation, 238,298

Rockefeller, Institute, 298

Wealth of, 238,299,300

Rockefeller, Nelson, 428

Rogers, Will, 329

Roget, Peter Mark, 230

Rome, 1-3,34,54,57,61,471,546

Barbarians, 55-56,123

Christianity, role in, 55

Comparison to China, 58

Roosevelt, Franklin, 112,196,290,301,338,

343,407,412,413,419,420,439,440,442,453,

470,517,548

Depression, 347-371

World War II, 371-401

Roosevelt, Theodore, 16,112,163,186,251,

253,309,312,313,315,316,321,323,333,334,

342,367,371,398,440

Conquest of West, 122

Conservation and Political Will, 287

Health, 285-286

Presidency, 286,287,291,293-294,298,300

Progressive Era, 285-300

Rough Riders, 286,313

Root, Elihu, 286,315

Rosenberg,  Ethel & Julius, 391,420

Rotation in office, 101,115

Rousseau, 48,49

Rubber, 273-274,277,281,364,379,491,531

Rutledge, Ann,  177,187

 

Salk, Jonas, 478

Sarnoff, David, 438,439

Satellites, 430,431,445,448,449,489,500,

536,538,539

Scalawags, 223

Schumpeter, Joseph, 380,469

Science, 54,89,137,154,161,166,235,238,275,

388-391,418,470,501,533

Scientific Management, 85,468,495

Scientific Revolution, 48,50-52,532,545

Scott, Winfield, 126

Sears, Roebuck, 241,244,379

Second Great Awakening, 92-94,103,166,

   288

Securities Exchange Act, 352,360,484

Separation of powers, 49

September 11, 458

Serling, Rod, 451

Seven Days Battle, 207

Seward, William Henry, 183,198

Sewing machine, 229,238,241,245

Shays’ Rebellion, 25

Sheridan, Phil, 206,211,212

Sherman, William, 185,193,202,204,208,

210-212

Shewhart, Walter, 495

Ships, 21,22,25,36,40,50,57,58,66,75,80,

82,105-106,108,127,138,145-147,152-153,

156-157,168,188-191,199-202,248,250,251,

255-256,258,268,313,319,378,381-383,485-

487,547

Colonial Navy fleet, 31-32

New England, 73-74

Sailboats, 150-151,157

Steamboats, 127,155-157,201,238,489

Submarines, 318,319,375,376,380,381,386,387

Whaling industry, 73,151

Shoes, manufacturing of, 145,274

Shreve, Henry, 156

Silliman, Benjamin, 265

Silver, 76,120,121,138,194,243,306,307,

312,351

Simplot, J.R., 513

Skinner, Wickham, 498

Slater, Samuel, 144

Slavery, 3,8, 35,45,54,68,69,73,77-81,93,

105,106,112,125,128,142,143,149,163-187,

198,210,211,213-221,223,224,239,290,336,

369,546,547

Bible, The, 166-167

Brown, John, 182

Emancipation, 41,167-168,202-204,214-215

Fugitive slave laws, 177-178

Gag rule, 175-176

Indentured servitude, 78

Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 179-181

Northern, 79-81,169-171

Religion, 166-167

Second Great Awakening, 93-94,166

Slave trade, 78-80,172

Washington frees slaves, 41,166

Sloan, Alfred 279-281,469

Smith, Adam, 118,137-138

Smith, C.R., 488

Smith, Captain John, 63

Smithsonian Institution, 140

Smoot-Hawley, 338,341,351,364,365,407

Social Security, 358-360,370,414,428,429

Software, 473,490,511,512,514-516,522,

523,525,530,532,536,539,550

Solow, Robert, 472

Sony, 500,501,509,539

Soviet Union, 282,328,381,391,393,396,

397,399,400,404-406,409-411,415,419,

420,423-426,430,431,436,460,463,501

Spanish, 22,25,38,57,62,105,168,

Empire, 58,79

Spanish-American War, 311-314,435

Special interests, 114,312,353-354,548

Spotsylvania,  210

Sputnik, 430,431

Stalin, Joseph, 396,399,400,409-412,

   415,420,426,431,442

Standard of living, 72,76,77,96,139,246,

271,472

Standard Oil, 262,267,268,293,295,296,

298,299

Stanford, Leland, 257

Stanton, Edward, 197,210,215

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 289

Stark, John, 6

Steam engine, 39,137,141,154-155,157-

159,233-234,244,254,513,531

Steel, 157,191,236,238,258,265,270-273,277,

278,281,293,384,412,497,498,502,531

Steffens, Lincoln, 304

Sterilization and Political Will, 290,335

Sternpost rudder, 50

Stevens, John, 252

Stevens, Thaddeus, 197

Stimson, Henry, 286

Stirrup, invention of, 4,56

Stock  exchanges, 3,38,73,134,240,263-

265,305-309,317,340,341,345,348-352,

370,473,483,501,504,506,534

Securities Exchange Act/Commission, 352

Stoddert, Benjamin, 30-32

Stoughton, Edwin, 208

Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 178

Submarines, 318,319,375,376,380,381,386,387

Suez Canal crisis, 424,425

Suffrage, extension of, 94,101137,172,217,

225,289

Sullivan, Ed, 441,

Sullivan, John 17,44

Supreme Court, 34,118,129-135,156,171,

174,178,180,208,217,220,221,223,224,

238,239,260,262,293,294,299,311,316,

317,335,354,356,363,366,367,369,394,

430,437,438,462,488,516,517,527,556fn

Court packing, 360

Swanson, Robert, 527

Swift, Gustavus, 244,261

Symington, William, 155

 

Tarbell, Ida, 295

Taft, Robert, 417,421,436

Taft, William Howard, 253,286,315-317,

   321,366,367

Taft-Hartley Act, 412

Taney, Roger, 171,180,199,204

Talleyrand, Prime Minister, 16,129

Tammany Hall, 303,304

Tappan, Lewis, 241

Tariffs, 34,36,73,101,144,183,194-196,

238,288,290,309,311,316,331,334,336,

340,364,376,408,503

Tariff of Abominations, 165,176

Smoot-Hawley, 338,341,351,364,365,407

Taxes, 10,24,25,34,59,60,78,83,100,101,115,

116,132,194,195,228,240,288,295,301,316,

317,320,323-326,330,333,343,354,359,360,

366,370,371,374,376,382,412,413,417,418,

508,523,531,548

Taylor, Frederick, 468,495

Taylor, Zachary, 109,175,247

Mexican War, 126

Teal, Gordon, 510

Technology, 47,51,55,57,58,77,136-137,

140,141,143,152-154,158,161,173,190-192,

206,228,233,235,239,243,246,247,250,251,

255,266,269-271,275,276,288,299,312,335,

363,385-388,437,438,443,444,448,452,473,

476,478,489,491,496,501,502,506,545,548,550

Atomic bomb, 388-395

Information, 511,515,517-522,526-542

Lincoln use of, 188-189

Teflon, 475,491

Telecommunications Act of 1996, 523

Telegraph, 154,168,190,193,209,232,248-

250,258,261,270,303,358,547

Edison, 227-228,231,232

Grant use of, 206

Lincoln use of, 188,192

Newspaper, 179,193,435

Seizure of offices, 199

Transatlantic cable, 248,249,306

Telephone, 230-232,249-250,274,282,358,

509,523,534

Television, 230,234,274,275,419,436,437,

440-466,471,475,478,496,497,501,502,506,

510,513,538,539,548,549

Politics, relationship with, 460-462

Programming, 449-460

Technology, 443-449

Temperance, 103-104,546

Tennessee Valley Authority, 344,350,355

Terrorism, 458,459

Tesla, Nikola, 232

Texas Instruments, 512

Textile industry, 39,139-144,149,154,

   173,245,250,262,330,499,507,531

Third Great Awakening, 92,288

Third Wave, 531-533

Thomas, George, 205

Tilden, Samuel, 225,315

Tolstoy, Leo, 215

Tripoli, shores of, 32

Tobacco, 15,143,250

Colonial America, role in, 72

Toyota, 505,508

Transistor, 440,441,449,501,509-512,518

Transportation, xii,136-139,150-157,189,

195,200,250-263,277,279-281,485-491,535,

546,547,549

Treaty of Versailles: see Versailles Treaty

Triangle Shirtwaist fire, 289

Trippe, Juan, 488

Truman, Harry, 112,360,420,432,450,548

Presidency, 392-394,398,399,403-417

Truman Doctrine, 407

Truxton, Capt. Thomas, 32

Tse-Tung, Mao see Mao Tse-tung

Tudor, Frederic, 146,147

Twain, Mark, 295

Tyler, John, 109,125,127,247

Typewriter, 229,238

 

U-2, 425,431,489

Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 178

Unemployment Compensation, 358,412,

   429

Union, The, 26,35,42,81,86,105,109,133,

143,164,165,171,172,176,177,181,186,187,

198-204,212,256

Union Pacific, 257,258,302

Unions, 237,251,271,290,297,353,357,358,

369,412,429,477,487,497

United Airlines, 490

United Nations, 405,407,411,415,425

U.S. Steel, 293,357

UPS, 487

 

Vail, Theodore, 250

Valley Forge, 13,14,129,347

Van Buren, Martin, 115,121,125,127,176,

   342,435

Presidency, 121

Van Winkle, Rip, 543,544,551

Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 156,238,260,304,305

VCRs, 445,448,449,475,499,500,513

Versailles Treaty, 321,322

Veterans Pensions, 196,309-311,316,330

Veterans Bonuses, 344

Vicksburg, 204,205

Vietnam, 424,449,460,463,471,486,497

Virginia Plan, 27,29

Virginia Statute on Religious Freedom,

   24,98

Voltaire, 48,49

Von Braun, Wernher, 430,431

 

Wal-Mart, 479,535-536

Walton, Sam, 500,534,535

War of 1812, 37,107-109,111,119,123,

143,153,155,545

Warren, Earl, 394

Washington, George, 1-9,12-22,26-28,30-

   36,62,90,107,111,112,125,129,138,152,

   206,222,398,543

Abandonment of power, 23

Cabinet, invention of, 33,41

Comforter, The, 12,13,32,33

Construction of capital, 35

Constitutional Convention, 26-28,30

Continental Army, 13,16

Continental Congress, 14

Conventions of civility, 9

Delaware, Crossing of, 17

Discipline, 16

Divine Providence, quote on, 7

Estate model, 15,36,85

Economic security of nation, 35-36

Exhibition of marksmanship, 71,72

Executive branch organization, 30

Farewell address, 40-41

Farewell to army, 23

First term, 35

Founding of republic, 33-34

Frontier model, 15

Guerilla tactics, 71

Indian affairs, role in, 40,123

Indifference to death, 5,15

Indispensable man, 1,9,35

Intelligence organization, 14

Jay Treaty, 40

Leadership, 12-14,16,32-33

Presidential succession, 104

Princeton, Battle of, 5-6

Readings, 85

Slavery, 41,80,166

Slaves, freeing of, 41

Social status, comment on, 70

Society of Cincinnatus, 70

Temperance and Political Will, 99

Yorktown, Battle of, 7,20-21,

Watson, Tom, 517

Watson, Tom, Jr., 517,518

Watt, James, 141,154,155

Webster, Daniel, 110,120,174,177,185,274

Dartmouth College case, 133

Gibbons v. Ogden case, 156

Union, The, 164-165

Wedderburn, Alexander, 11

Weed, Thurlow, 211

Welch, Jack, 467,469,492

Welch, Joseph, 421

Welles, Orson, 440

Western Expansion, 23,114

Jackson era, 122-127

Western Union, 227,228,249,250

Westinghouse, George, 229,232,233,261

Weyerhaeuser, 243

Whaling, 73,151

Whig Party, 114,121,177,179,180,247,256

Whiskey Rebellion, 40

White House, 42,89,97,108,110,112,127,

128,188,197,199,225,309,322,344,346,360,

367,398,399,405,440

Whitman, Walt, 214

Whitney, Eli, 139,140,142,143,148

Whittle, Frank, 489

Wilderness, Battle of, 210

Wilson, Edith, 322

Wilson, James, 26,81,129,130

Wilson, Woodrow, 253,312,324,331,338,

   366-368,372,398,427

New Freedom and Political Will, 316

Presidency, 316-317

World War I, 318,319,321-323

Women’s Rights, 45,69-70,74-76,94,96,

   289,332,410

Wood, 73,145,243,258

Wood, Gordon, xii,45

Woodward, Bob, 465

Work, 74-75,77,96,97

World Bank, 408

World population, 2,137,403

World War I, 198,210,215,236,238,239,

   241,244,246,255,261,263,269,278-280,

   296,314,317-325,331,338,350,354,355,

   363,364,366-368,372,374,376,377,378

   381,388,399,404,405,409,427,442,545,

   548,563fn

World War II, 220,236,264,338,339,358,

   361,370-401,403-407,410,415,416,418,

   419,423,427,430,432,438,444,469,473-

   478,482,483,485,488,489,491,493,495-

   497,499,500,503,506,513,517-519,527,

   534,545,548,563fn

D-Day, 379,383-385,418

Technology, 385-387

World Wide Web, 521,522

Wright Brothers, 253-255,275,277,436,

  489,551

Wycliffe, John 53

Wyeth, Nathaniel, 146

 

Xerox, 525

 

Yalta, 396,397,415

Yellow journalism, 312,435

 

Zimplemen. George Barnhart, 208

Zworykin, Vladimir, 443

CONTENTS

Preface

 

Chapters:

 

1   George Washington at the Crossroads

2   The Transformation: From Thirteen Colonies to One Nation

3   Origins and Nature: the American Revolution

4   Jefferson’s Authentic Democracy

5   Jackson’s Egalitarianism

6   John Marshall Defines the Agrarian Transformation

7   Lincoln: Civil Rights Lost, Renewed, Then Cast Adrift

8   Edison’s Invention Factory: the Great Era of Innovation

9   Theodore Roosevelt and the (not so) Progressive Era

10  World War II Ends the Great Depression

11  Truman and Eisenhower End the Cycle of War

12  Broadcasting and Civil Society

13  Drucker and Deming Make Management Paramount  

14  Cyberspace

15  Lessons on Change